大学英语定语从句常见错误
一、主谓一致错误 在定语从句中,关系代词作主语时,从句的谓语动词需要与先行词保持一致。这是容易被忽视的一点,很多学生没有准确判断先行词,从而导致主谓一致错误。例如“Careful analysesofthechartabove mayreveal thereason behindthetrend,whichinvolvethreecauses.”1,这里先行词是“reason”,是单数,而不是“analyses”,所以从句中的谓语动词应该是“involves”而不是“involve”。这种错误的产生可能是因为学生没有清晰地分析句子结构,只是按照就近原则或者错误地判断先行词的单复数。
二、关系词选择错误
关系代词的混淆
对于“that”和“which”的用法区分不清。例如在先行词被all、few、little、much、every、some、no等词修饰或被the only、the very、the same、the last等限定词修饰时,只能用“that”引导定语从句,但学生可能会错误地使用“which”。像“This is the very dictionary which is of great help.”就是错误的用法,正确的应该是“This is the very dictionary that is of great help.”25。
在先行词是表示人的时候,“who”和“whom”的用法也容易混淆。“who”在从句中作主语,“whom”作宾语,但是在口语中“whom”常常被“who”或者省略关系词所替代,这就容易让学生在正式的书面表达中犯错。
特殊关系词的错误使用
当先行词由“as much/many”“such”所修饰时,定语从句只能用“as”引导,而不是“which”。例如“The sun gives us as much energy every minute which mankind utilizes in a year.”就是错误的,正确的是“The sun gives us as much energy every minute as mankind utilizes in a year.”1。
有些学生不清楚在非限制性定语从句中关系词的用法,例如“that”不能用于非限制性定语从句,但是可能会被错误使用。
三、介词搭配错误 在“介词 + 关系代词”的结构中,学生经常会漏写或者选错介词。这需要对先行词与介词的搭配有很好的掌握。例如在表达“我想出几个解决这个问题的办法”这样的句子时,如果要用定语从句,就需要正确使用介词。如果没有准确的介词搭配知识,就可能写出错误的句子。
四、句子成分多余错误 这种错误表现为在定语从句中多加入了不必要的成分。比如“The key which it opens the bike is missing.”,这里“it”就是多余的成分,因为关系代词“which”已经在从句中充当了宾语,正确的句子是“The key which opens the bike is missing.”。还有像“These cultural keywords come from home and abroad, and they cover fields including science, culture, social science and performing arts, etc.”,在定语从句中关系代词“which”做主语,原句中“they”做主语就造成了成分多余,正确的句子应该是“These cultural keywords come from home and abroad, covering fields including science, culture, social science and performing arts, etc.”。
五、先行词判断错误
忽略先行词概念
很多学生在理解定语从句时,没有准确判断出定语从句所修饰的先行词。例如在句子“I still remember the day when we spent together.”中,学生错误地使用了“when”,这里的先行词“day”在从句中是作“spent”的宾语,应该使用“that”或者“which”,正确的句子是“I still remember the day that/which we spent together.”2。
误判先行词的词性或类别
当先行词是表示时间或者地点的名词时,学生可能会错误地根据先行词的词性直接选择关系词。实际上,关系词的选择取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语,就用关系代词“that”或“which”作宾语;如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词,就用关系副词。例如“This is the house where we lived in last year.”是错误的,正确的是“This is the house which/that we lived in last year.”因为“lived in”中的“lived”是不及物动词,这里需要关系代词作宾语,“where”是关系副词不能用于此句。
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历年英语六级写作真题测试2
题目: The impact of the Internet on interpersonal communication
要求: commenting on "Dad: Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read
all about it on my blog, Dad"
范文:
In contemporary society, our life is flled with a variety of anecdotes or stories, and the
following is no exception: "Dad: Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read
all about it on my blog, Dad." Funny as it seems, this conversation can be naturally associated
with the impacts of Internet on our life: In an era of Internet, the time for interpersonal
communication is impaired by online chats or blogs.
Apparently, the impacts of the Internet on interpersonal communication are diverse. For
one thing, as a vital invention, Internet brings great convenience to our communication,
eliminates the barrier of distance, and helps humans to keep in touch wherever and whenever.
For another, it is Intenet that does not enables family members, friends or classmates to
communicate more in a face-to-face way. One case in point is that youngsters may spend
hours chatting with acquaintances through QQ or MSN, but rarely do they talk with other
face to face. Unfortunately, it we let this trend to continue as it is, the interpersonal
relationship will, definitely, become alienated. .
To my understanding, it is advisable for people to communicate more with their families,
friends and acquaintances in real life instead of merely through the Internet. Do bear in mind:
Internet is just a tool.
历年英语六级写作真题测试3
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