大学英语翻译中词性转换原则的内涵与重要性
在大学英语翻译中,词性转换遵循着一定的原则,这些原则对于准确、通顺地进行翻译起着至关重要的作用。
一、忠实原则
意义传达的完整性
忠实于原文内容是大学英语翻译中词性转换的首要原则。这意味着在进行词性转换时,不能改变原文的语义信息。例如,在将英语句子 “His sudden appearance surprised us.” 翻译为汉语时,如果要进行词性转换,将名词 “appearance” 转换为动词,就应该准确地传达出 “出现” 这个意思。不能将其错误地转换为其他与原义不符的内容。如果转换后的意思变成了 “他突然的外貌使我们惊讶”,这就违背了忠实原则,因为原句中 “appearance” 在此处是“出现”的意思,而不是“外貌”的意思1。
在英译汉过程中,许多英语单词有多种词性和含义,要根据上下文确定其确切意义并在词性转换后准确表达。比如 “bank” 这个词,作为名词有“银行”“河岸”等意思,作为动词有“把(钱)存入银行”等意思。在句子 “He banks half of his salary every month.” 中,“bank” 是动词,在翻译时如果进行词性转换,要确保转换后的译文能准确表达“把(钱)存入银行”这个动作,而不是按照“银行”这个名词义去理解。
避免增减和歪曲
忠实原则要求在词性转换过程中不得有增删、歪曲、篡改或遗漏原文信息的现象。例如,在翻译 “The beauty of the scenery attracted me.” 这个句子时,如果将名词 “beauty” 转换为形容词来翻译,就不能添加或减少原句中的信息。不能翻译成“美丽的风景吸引我”的同时,又添加一些原句没有的描述,如“极其美丽的风景吸引我”(这里的“极其”属于额外添加);也不能将原句的意思歪曲为“风景的丑陋吸引我”等完全错误的意思。
二、通顺原则
符合目标语言习惯
通顺原则要求译文必须通俗易懂,符合规范,符合目标语言(在大学英语翻译中主要是汉语)的习惯。由于英语和汉语在语法结构、词汇用法等方面存在差异,词性转换往往是使译文通顺的有效手段。例如,英语中经常使用名词化结构,而汉语中动词使用频率相对较高。在翻译 “The construction of the bridge took two years.” 时,按照汉语习惯,可以将名词 “construction” 转换为动词“建造”,翻译成“建造这座桥花了两年时间”,这样的译文更符合汉语的表达习惯。如果不进行词性转换,直接译为“这座桥的建造花了两年时间”,虽然也能传达基本意思,但在通顺性上就稍逊一筹2。
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全真模拟考试,提前感受考场氛围,专业雅思、托福报名服务
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technology, highlighting
the education sector will embrace innovation, fostering a globally connected and knowledge-
driven society.
B卷(机器人)
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on the use of robots. Try
toimagine what will happen whenrobots take the place of human beings in industryas well
aspeople' s daily lives. You are required to write at least 150wordsbut no more than 200
words.
段:引出文章话题。说明技术的发展对人类生活的改变。
第二段:针对此现象作出观点的阐述。
第三段:得出结论。
考范文
It is held bysome people that knowledge is power,especially scientific and
technologicalknowledge. Science andtechnology are the motive power of the
socialdevelopment, whichconstitute a primary productive force. The use of robots
istheproduce of development of science and technology .
wson the use of robots vary fror
life cannotcontinue without the use ofrobots. For many years, human society has
developedwith the use ofscience and technology. So the lifewith the use of robots we
areliving now is more eficient than thatof our fore fathers. They go on to pointout that the
use of robotshas brought about many changes in people 's life. Forexample,through the use
that we can requirerobots to do someworks with danger instead of humanbeings.
Science andtechnology of robots are the crytalliation ofhuman wisdom. It brought
aglorious past to humanity, also willbring bright future to mankind.
C卷(虚拟世界)
For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a shortessay on living in the
virtualworld. Try to imagine what willhappen when people spend more and more time inthe
virtual worldinstead of interacting in the real world. You are required towriteat least 150
words but no more than 200 words.
段:说明科技发展对人类生活的改变,引出话题。说明,我们交流方式的变化。
第二段:人们虚拟世界的交流给我们带来的影响。
第三段:得出结论.
考范文
We have to admit that the impactoftechnology on society is unquestionable.
Whetherconsidering the TV or thecomputers, technology has had a hugeimpact on society.
While not every advancehas been beneficial,there have been many positive effects of
technology. Theinternet isone typical example.
With the development of science andtechnology, the worldis no longer what it used to
be. But the ability ofcommunication isa significant skill which should be cultivated if we want
tosurviveand succeed in the world. But the way of communication with peoplehaschanged
dramatically. Almost everyone today has a computer, anduses it tocommunicate with their
friends, family, and evenbusiness. The virtual worldcommunication has changed the way
thatpeople communicate.
Since communication between peoplein the real world is of utmost importance, lack of
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