五、句子成分问题
（一）句子缺乏成分
例如“我们应该参加各类对我们成长有利的实践活动”，错误翻译为“We should take part in various practical activities maybe useful for us”，这里的“maybe”一词属于错误应用，并且句子结构存在错误。正确的表达为“We should take part in various practical activities that are beneficial to our growth”，原句中主句主语为名词、代词，不能像原句那样构造句子，导致句子结构残缺2。
（二）句子结构多余
例如“让我们诧异的是莉莉没有通过这次英语考试”，如果写成“To our surprise Lily did not pass the English exam, it surprised us”就存在句子结构多余的问题，正确的是“To our surprise, Lily did not pass the English exam”或者“That Lily did not pass the English exam surprised us”2。
六、词性错误
由于词性使用错误导致句子语法错误。例如“由于他的粗心大意，使他陷入了严重的麻烦中”，错误翻译为“His careless caused him to be in serious trouble”，句子主语为“careless”，但是“careless”属于形容词，无法做主语，这就是词性应用上的错误2。
七、单词搭配错误
英语单词有其特定的搭配用法，如果用错会造成语法错误。比如“win”这个词，它只能用运动项目或活动作宾语，不能是人。要说“赢了某人”应该说成“beat sb.”，如果混淆使用就会出错3。
八、词序错误
汉语句子中某些词语出现在某一位置，在英语句子中表示同一个意思的词语不一定也在那个位置上。例如“我对他很熟悉”，英语应该是“I know him very well”，而不是“I very well know him”，所以一定要注意英汉句子词序的差别，写错词序也是一种典型的语法错误3

（一）科技发展主题
范文 With the rapid development of science and technology, our lives have been changed significantly. In the field of communication, the emergence of smart phones has made our communication more convenient. We can use various applications on our phones to contact with people around the world instantly. For example, through WeChat or WhatsApp, we can send text messages, voice messages, and even make video calls for free. In addition, the development of the Internet has also made it possible for us to obtain a large amount of information at any time. We can search for knowledge, news, and entertainment content on search engines like Google or Baidu. In the transportation area, high - speed trains and self - driving cars are two remarkable achievements. High - speed trains have greatly shortened the travel time between cities. For instance, in China, the high - speed rail network has enabled people to travel from one city to another in a very short time. Self - driving cars are also on the verge of becoming a reality. They are expected to improve traffic safety and efficiency by using advanced sensors and algorithms. However, the development of technology also brings some problems. For example, the over - reliance on electronic devices may lead to a decline in people's face - to - face communication skills. And the development of artificial intelligence may cause some people to worry about the future of employment. In conclusion, while enjoying the convenience brought by technological development, we should also pay attention to the problems it brings and try to find solutions.

（二）文化交流主题
范文 Cultural exchange is an important part of globalization. It not only enriches our own culture but also promotes understanding and friendship between different countries. One of the main forms of cultural exchange is through international students. When international students study in a foreign country, they bring their own culture to the host country. For example, Chinese students studying in the United States can introduce Chinese traditional culture such as calligraphy, martial arts, and Chinese cuisine to American students. At the same time, they also learn about American culture, such as its music, movies, and lifestyle. Another form is cultural tourism. Tourists can experience different cultures when they travel to other countries. They can visit historical sites, participate in local festivals, and taste local food. For instance, when a European tourist visits India, he can visit the Taj Mahal, experience the Holi Festival, and taste Indian curry. In addition, cultural exchange can also be carried out through cultural events such as art exhibitions, music concerts, and film festivals. These events can attract people from different countries to participate and promote cultural exchanges. However, cultural exchange also faces some challenges. One of the challenges is cultural misunderstanding. Due to differences in cultural backgrounds, some behaviors or concepts may be misinterpreted. For example, in some Western cultures, being punctual is highly valued, while in some Asian cultures, a certain degree of flexibility in time may be acceptable. In conclusion, cultural exchange is of great significance. We should actively promote cultural exchange and try to overcome the challenges it faces.